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2. Introduction to Surveying

2.4. Summary

Surveying is the science of determining relative positions of objects on Earth's surface by measuring distances, angles, and elevations, often used to create maps and plans for various applications like transportation, building, and land use. 
Here's a more detailed explanation:
  • Definition:
    Surveying involves measuring the Earth's surface to determine the horizontal and vertical positions of points, objects, or features. 
  • Purpose:
    The primary goal is to create accurate representations of the Earth's surface, such as maps and plans, which are crucial for various engineering, construction, and land management activities. 
  • Types of Surveys:
    • Geodetic surveys: Deal with large areas and account for the curvature of the Earth. 
    • Topographic surveys: Focus on the shape and features of the land, including elevation and contours. 
    • Cadastral surveys: Determine property boundaries and land ownership. 
  • Applications:
    • Transportation: Planning roads, bridges, and other infrastructure. 
    • Building: Designing and constructing buildings and other structures. 
    • Land use: Managing and planning land resources. 
    • Communications: Establishing infrastructure for communication networks. 
  • Key Concepts:
    • Horizontal distances: Measurements taken in a horizontal plane. 
    • Vertical distances: Measurements taken in a vertical plane (levelling). 
    • Angles: Measurements of the angle between lines or objects. 
    • Elevations: Measurements of the height of points above a reference level. 
 
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  • surveying summary | Britannica
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